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Politics, Theory Photography Human beings have never encountered as many photographs as we do today. They surround us in public spaces, and populate the numerous screens we access in our daily lives.... December 2022 by Brent Luvaas	Politics, Theory Art The definition of ‘art’ is extremely complicated. Its meaning has shifted radically, in particular in the last century. Originally, in Latin, it meant ‘craft’, but then for... September 2022 by Roger Sansi	Religion, Theory Transhumanism The social and intellectual movement known as transhumanism questions the figure of the ‘human’ at the centre of humanism and modern political formations. As part of a broader ‘... September 2022 by Abou Farman
Politics, Theory Prefigurative politics ‘Prefigurative politics’ refers to how activists embody and enact, within their activism, the socialities and practices they foster for broader society. Inspired by anarchist... March 2022 by Guilherme Fians	Politics, Theory Literacy Literacy is a linguistic innovation characterised by the encoding and decoding of language into a system of visual signs whose relevance to daily life in most societies cannot be... December 2021 by Mark Turin, Robert Hanks	Politics, Theory History Anthropology and history are inseparable, sharing concerns with societies other than the one we currently inhabit—whether in time or in space. This entry considers how the relation... November 2021 by Eric Hirsch
Religion, Theory Monsters Monsters are not only key protagonists in myths, legends, fairy tales, fiction, and films; they also haunt cellars, cyberspace, and crossroads. Based on encounters with monsters in... October 2021 by Yasmine Musharbash	Economics, Theory Social reproduction Social reproduction is a lens through which to analyse the persistence of society over time, even as its human and material components keep changing. Its main value is in identifying... September 2021 by Hadas Weiss	Health, Theory Phenomenology Phenomenology is one of the most influential philosophical traditions of the twentieth century and has significantly shaped contemporary anthropological and social theory. This entry... August 2021 by Jarrett Zigon, Jason Throop
Politics, Theory Freedom of speech Free speech is a familiar concept. It is an established ideal of liberalism and democratic politics, and the subject of political debate and conflict across diverse historical and... July 2021 by Matei Candea, Paolo Heywood, Taras Fedirko	Politics, Theory Visual anthropology Visual anthropology encompasses two parallel aims: the production of anthropological media (including ethnographic film, video, photography, drawing, interactive media, etc.) as well... July 2021 by Jenny Chio	Health, Theory Medical pluralism Medical pluralism describes the availability of different medical approaches, treatments, and institutions that people can use while pursuing health: for example, combining... June 2021 by Venera Khalikova
Health, Theory Cannibalism Cannibalism, the eating of one’s own kind, is a practice that occurs in both humans and non-humans. Some people consumed their own kin to ensure that their spirits joined those of... June 2021 by Shirley Lindenbaum	Politics, Theory Writing anthropology Writing is key in anthropology, as one of its main modes of communication. Teaching, research, publications, and outreach all build on, or consist of, writing. This entry traces how... February 2021 by Helena Wulff	Religion, Theory Emic and etic The emic/etic distinction originated in linguistics in the 1950s to designate two complementary standpoints for the analysis of human language and behaviour. It has been... November 2020 by Till Mostowlansky, Andrea Rota
Health, Theory Metrics Numbers, enumeration, and the quantification of contemporary life seem to govern our existence more and more. Particularly since the dawn of the twenty-first century, the importance... October 2020 by Marlee Tichenor	Politics, Theory Political ecology Political ecology is a critical research field within anthropology and related disciplines that examines how and why economic structures and power relations drive environmental... September 2020 by Jason Roberts	Economics, Theory Gifts As one of the oldest forms of social actions that bind people together and as an arresting example of the universality and diversity of humanity, gift exchange has long been a focus... July 2020 by Yunxiang Yan
Kinship, Theory Childhood Children, as the youngest members of our species, exist in all human societies across space and time. But societies differ widely in their understandings of childhood as a... June 2020 by Catherine Allerton	Religion, Theory Magic Attempts to define and describe magic must reckon with this concept’s slipperiness, as magic is often understood against what supposedly it is not: typically, ‘proper’ religion and ‘... October 2019 by Matteo Benussi	Politics, Theory Revolution Revolutions encompass political mobilizations that attempt rapid transformations of both the nature of political authority and wider social, political, and economic structures.... October 2019 by Alice Wilson
Religion, Theory Animism Animism is a particular sensibility and way of relating to various beings in the world. It involves attributing sentience to other beings that may include persons, animals, plants,... June 2019 by Katherine Swancutt	Economics, Theory Games Though there is no universally accepted definition for what constitutes a ‘game’, games are typically defined as goal-oriented, rules-based activities closely associated with the... May 2019 by Max Watson	Religion, Theory Divination Divination is a widespread cultural practice that takes varied forms worldwide. It can be diagnostic, forecasting, and interventionist, in the sense of changing the receptor’s... April 2019 by Diana Espírito Santo
Politics, Theory Anthropocene ‘The Anthropocene’ is a term that is increasingly used to define a new planetary epoch: one in which humans have become the dominant force shaping Earth’s bio-geophysical composition... January 2019 by Liana Chua, Hannah Fair	Economics, Theory Digital anthropology ‘The digital’ is defined here as new technologies that are ultimately reducible to binary code. These have made many cultural artefacts easier and quicker to both reproduce and to... August 2018 by Daniel Miller	Kinship, Theory Relations To make a topic from one of anthropology’s principal means and objects of study, investigating relations through relations, is offered in the spirit of reflexive enquiry. The entry... May 2018 by Marilyn Strathern
Religion, Theory Animals What role do nonhuman animals play in human social life? This question has long interested anthropologists, who have provided various answers, themselves reflective of broader... May 2018 by Thomas White, Matei Candea	Kinship, Theory Ethnography Ethnographic fieldwork, carried out according to the method of long-term participant-observation, is what defines social anthropology. The method is inductive and open-ended. As such... February 2018 by Signe Howell	Politics, Theory Deleuze This entry takes on two subjects. First, it addresses the influence that anthropology had on the work of the mid-twentieth century French philosopher Gilles Deleuze, and second, the... January 2018 by Jon Bialecki
Economics, Theory Tourism Tourism is a new phenomenon in world history, but today more people travel long distances for this purpose than for any other. This entry traces some main contributions... November 2017 by Rupert Stasch	Politics, Theory Voice Voice is a salient category in our contemporary lives. We speak of marginalised groups ‘lacking voice’ and celebrate their efforts at ‘raising their voices’; we are advised to listen... October 2017 by Marlene Schäfers	Religion, Theory Ontological turn, the ‘Culture’ is in many ways the most fundamental of anthropological concepts. Yet it has been the subject of a range of critical interventions in the course of the discipline’s history,... May 2017 by Paolo Heywood
Religion, Theory Ethics / morality It is possible to argue that the anthropology of ethics has always been part of the discipline but also that it is a radically new and transformative venture. This entry explains why... May 2017 by James Laidlaw	Politics, Theory Science 'Science' features twice in anthropology. On the one hand, science is an object of anthropological enquiry, in much the same way as ‘kinship’, ‘religion’, or ‘nationalism’.... October 2016 by Matei Candea	Religion, Theory Values The concept of values has recently re-emerged as the object of explicit theoretical attention in a number of disciplines, including anthropology. The aim of this entry is to review... September 2016 by Joel Robbins, Julian Sommerschuh
Economics, Theory Gambling Gambling occurs when a person commits one or more valuable items (a ‘stake’) to an event or series of events packaged together, and where the result determines a loss or win at a... September 2016 by Anthony Pickles	Politics, Theory Citizenship What is citizenship? The word itself is now used in a wide range of arenas, from citizenship education in schools to development agencies’ programmes of good governance, and public... September 2016 by Sian Lazar	Politics, Theory Human rights Human rights, as described in documents such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, are a set of moral and legal principles that apply to all human beings irrespective of... September 2016 by Harri Englund
Region, Theory Mediterraneanist anthropology The Mediterranean is one of the most underrated areas in anthropological imagination. On the one hand, its shores have furnished the most complex formulations of the unfolding... September 2016 by Naor Ben-Yehoyada	Region, Theory Landscape When we think about landscape, we tend to think of natural scenery, empty of people; of a view, spread in front of our eyes; or of a backdrop, a stage for people’s movements and... September 2016 by Paola Filippucci	Kinship, Theory Matriliny Matriliny is a way of reckoning kinship descent and belonging through the female line. This entry discusses some of the forms matrilineal kinship may take in practice before... September 2016 by Jessica Johnson

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